People who honed their basketball abilities on the College of Alabama and subsequently transitioned to skilled careers within the Nationwide Basketball Affiliation characterize a definite group inside the league’s historical past. These athletes, by their dedication and growth inside the Crimson Tide basketball program, have achieved the head {of professional} basketball. The trail from collegiate competitors in Tuscaloosa to the courts of the NBA is a testomony to their expertise and the college’s basketball program’s impression.
The presence of those former collegiate athletes within the NBA advantages each the gamers themselves, by offering a platform for skilled success, and the College of Alabama, which beneficial properties status and recognition. Traditionally, a variety of notable gamers have made this transition, contributing to the aggressive panorama of the league and solidifying this system’s popularity for producing NBA-caliber expertise. Their achievements encourage future generations of basketball gamers on the college.
The next sections will delve into particular examples of notable people, the impression they’ve had on their respective groups, and the general contribution of Alabama basketball to the Nationwide Basketball Affiliation. This evaluation goals to offer a complete understanding of the connection between the college program and the skilled careers of its gamers.
1. Skilled achievements
The skilled achievements of former Alabama basketball gamers within the NBA straight mirror the success of the college’s basketball program and the person athletes’ dedication. This system’s capability to domesticate and develop expertise is demonstrated by the variety of gamers who not solely attain the NBA but in addition obtain important milestones inside the league. These accomplishments, resembling All-Star alternatives, scoring titles, and NBA championships, function tangible proof of this system’s effectiveness in making ready athletes for the best degree {of professional} basketball. For instance, Robert Horry, a former Alabama participant, secured seven NBA championships with a number of groups, a testomony to his adaptability and ability set honed throughout his collegiate profession.
Moreover, the skilled achievements of those people have a cascading impact, enhancing the popularity of the College of Alabama’s basketball program. This elevated visibility and status can result in improved recruitment of future expertise, as potential gamers acknowledge this system’s confirmed observe report of growing NBA-caliber athletes. The presence of former Crimson Tide gamers within the NBA, reaching success on a nationwide stage, contributes considerably to this system’s model and attraction. Gamers like Mo Williams, an NBA All-Star, exemplify this impression, attracting consideration and galvanizing youthful generations of Alabama basketball gamers.
In abstract, the skilled achievements attained by former Alabama basketball gamers within the NBA are integral to evaluating the college’s basketball program’s long-term impression. These successes not solely spotlight particular person expertise but in addition underscore this system’s capability to arrange athletes for the trials {of professional} competitors. This connection between collegiate growth {and professional} success is essential for understanding the lasting legacy of Alabama basketball inside the broader context of the NBA.
2. Particular person participant statistics
Particular person participant statistics present a quantitative evaluation of efficiency, providing insights into the contributions of former Alabama basketball gamers inside the Nationwide Basketball Affiliation. These knowledge factors function goal measures to judge impression, longevity, and general success on the skilled degree.
-
Scoring Common
Scoring common, represented as factors per sport (PPG), signifies a participant’s offensive contribution to their workforce. The next PPG suggests a better scoring function and offensive proficiency. For instance, gamers like Collin Sexton, identified for his or her scoring capability, exhibit a excessive PPG in comparison with function gamers who contribute much less offensively. The scoring common helps assess the offensive impression of Alabama alumni within the NBA.
-
Rebounding Statistics
Rebounding statistics, together with complete rebounds, offensive rebounds, and defensive rebounds, measure a participant’s effectiveness in securing possession of the ball after a missed shot. These figures are notably related for evaluating the efficiency of frontcourt gamers. Charles Barkley, whereas not an Alabama alumnus, demonstrated the impression of excessive rebounding numbers, securing important possessions for his workforce. Analyzing rebounding stats of Alabama gamers reveals their effectiveness on the boards.
-
Help Numbers
Help numbers quantify a participant’s capability to facilitate scoring alternatives for teammates. The next help common demonstrates playmaking abilities and unselfishness. Gamers who excel as distributors, resembling Mo Williams, usually have elevated help numbers. Inspecting help statistics of former Alabama gamers showcases their function as playmakers and their contribution to workforce offense.
-
Defensive Metrics
Defensive metrics, encompassing steals, blocks, and defensive ranking, present perception right into a participant’s defensive capabilities. Steals point out a participant’s capability to disrupt passing lanes and create turnovers, whereas blocks showcase shot-blocking prowess. A decrease defensive ranking suggests a participant contributes to a stingier protection. Analyzing these metrics reveals the defensive impression of gamers from the College of Alabama, demonstrating their contributions past offensive statistics.
The combination of particular person participant statistics permits for a complete understanding of the contributions made by former Alabama basketball gamers inside the NBA. These quantifiable metrics, encompassing scoring, rebounding, assists, and defensive capabilities, present a data-driven analysis of their impression on their respective groups and the league as an entire. Inspecting traits and comparisons throughout completely different gamers and eras presents useful insights into the legacy of Alabama basketball within the NBA.
3. Group contributions
The collective impression of people who performed basketball on the College of Alabama on their respective NBA groups represents a big side of their skilled careers. Their contributions prolong past particular person statistics and embody a variety of things that affect workforce dynamics and general efficiency.
-
Management Qualities
Management on an NBA workforce can manifest in varied kinds, from vocal steering and motivational help to main by instance by constant effort and excessive efficiency. Former Alabama gamers might assume management roles on their groups, influencing workforce morale, focus, and strategic execution. These people might possess an inherent understanding of teamwork and aggressive drive instilled throughout their collegiate careers. Gamers who display management can positively impression workforce chemistry and cohesion.
-
Function Participant Effectivity
Many people from Alabama fill essential role-player positions on their NBA groups. These gamers contribute in specialised areas, resembling defensive assignments, rebounding, or three-point taking pictures, usually with out in search of the highlight. Environment friendly function gamers are important for workforce success, offering depth and complementing the abilities of star gamers. Their contributions might not at all times be mirrored in excessive statistics however are important for sustaining workforce steadiness and executing sport plans. A first-rate instance can be somebody offering essential defensive stops or hitting well timed photographs, even with out averaging excessive factors per sport.
-
Versatility and Adaptability
The power to adapt to completely different roles and workforce methods is a useful asset for any NBA participant. Former Alabama athletes who display versatility can contribute in a number of positions and adapt to altering sport conditions. This adaptability permits coaches to make the most of them in varied lineups and maximize their impression on the sport. This trait could also be a results of the well-rounded ability units developed inside the Alabama basketball program, making ready them for the numerous calls for of the NBA.
-
Clutch Efficiency
Clutch efficiency refers to a participant’s capability to carry out nicely beneath stress conditions, resembling shut video games within the last minutes. People who exhibit clutch efficiency display psychological fortitude and the flexibility to execute successfully when the stakes are excessive. These gamers usually change into dependable choices for his or her groups in crucial moments, able to making game-winning photographs or securing key defensive stops. A gamers capability to stay composed and make sound choices in stress conditions is usually a important asset to a groups success.
The workforce contributions of former Alabama basketball gamers within the NBA are multifaceted and important to evaluating their general impression. Whether or not it is offering management, excelling as function gamers, demonstrating versatility, or delivering clutch performances, these people contribute to workforce success in varied methods, reflecting positively on the College of Alabama’s basketball program and the athletes it develops. These contributions prolong past particular person statistics, showcasing their integral function in creating profitable groups.
4. Draft alternatives
Draft alternatives characterize an important gateway for athletes transitioning from collegiate basketball applications, resembling that of the College of Alabama, to the skilled ranks of the Nationwide Basketball Affiliation. The draft serves as a mechanism for NBA groups to accumulate promising expertise, and the number of an Alabama participant signifies recognition of their potential impression on the skilled degree.
-
Draft Place and Expectations
The place at which an Alabama participant is chosen within the NBA draft usually influences expectations relating to their future function and efficiency. Lottery picks (alternatives inside the first 14 picks) usually carry larger expectations and are anticipated to change into key contributors and even franchise gamers. Later-round alternatives might face a tougher path to securing a roster spot and carving out a big function. As an illustration, a excessive draft choose from Alabama will probably be given extra taking part in time and alternatives to develop in comparison with somebody drafted within the second spherical. Understanding draft place is significant for analyzing profession trajectories.
-
Affect on Program Popularity
The frequency and placement of Alabama gamers chosen within the NBA draft straight impression the college’s basketball program popularity. A constant circulation of drafted gamers enhances this system’s attraction to potential recruits, demonstrating its capability to develop expertise able to competing on the highest degree. A number of gamers drafted in a single 12 months or excessive draft placements sign a program’s success in expertise growth and training. The visibility generated by draft alternatives contributes to the college’s general athletic model and status.
-
Profession Longevity and Success
Whereas draft choice is an preliminary indicator of potential, it doesn’t assure long-term success within the NBA. Nevertheless, larger draft picks typically have a better alternative to show themselves and safe their place within the league. Profession longevity and success depend upon varied elements, together with work ethic, ability growth, damage avoidance, and match inside a workforce’s system. Analyzing the profession paths of drafted Alabama gamers reveals the correlation between draft place and long-term impression within the NBA.
-
Draft as a Validation Metric
The NBA draft serves as a validation metric for the evaluation of collegiate basketball expertise. NBA scouts and normal managers consider gamers based mostly on a variety of things, together with athletic capability, ability set, basketball IQ, and potential for future growth. The draft displays the collective judgment of those evaluators, offering an goal evaluation of a participant’s readiness for the skilled sport. Whereas subjective elements additionally play a task, the draft supplies a benchmark for evaluating the effectiveness of faculty applications in making ready gamers for the NBA.
The number of Alabama basketball gamers within the NBA draft represents a pivotal second of their careers and a big reflection on the college’s basketball program. By analyzing draft positions, profession trajectories, and the impression on program popularity, a complete understanding of the connection between the College of Alabama and the NBA could be attained.
5. Longevity within the NBA
The period of a participant’s profession within the Nationwide Basketball Affiliation is a big indicator of each particular person success and the effectiveness of their growth. Analyzing the longevity of people from the College of Alabama’s basketball program supplies perception into this system’s capability to arrange athletes for sustained efficiency on the skilled degree.
-
Ability Refinement and Adaptation
Sustained careers within the NBA usually require a participant to repeatedly refine their abilities and adapt to evolving sport methods. Athletes from the College of Alabama who display a capability so as to add new dimensions to their sport or modify their taking part in type based mostly on workforce wants usually tend to prolong their careers. Gamers like Robert Horry, who tailored to varied roles on completely different championship-caliber groups, exemplify this adaptability. Ability refinement and adaptation are crucial for sustaining relevance in a aggressive league.
-
Bodily Conditioning and Harm Prevention
Sustaining optimum bodily situation and minimizing the danger of damage are paramount for reaching longevity within the NBA. Former Alabama gamers who prioritize energy coaching, conditioning, and damage prevention are higher positioned to resist the bodily calls for of an extended skilled profession. Consideration to those elements can mitigate put on and tear on the physique, extending a participant’s peak efficiency years. This requires diligent low season work and a dedication to sustaining a wholesome life-style.
-
Basketball IQ and Choice-Making
Basketball IQ, encompassing strategic understanding, decision-making, and court docket consciousness, turns into more and more useful as a participant’s bodily skills naturally decline with age. Gamers from the College of Alabama who possess a excessive basketball IQ can compensate for any discount in athleticism by making smarter performs and anticipating opponents’ strikes. This mental side of the sport permits them to stay efficient contributors whilst they age. Robust decision-making ensures optimum efficiency.
-
Group Match and Function Acceptance
A participant’s capability to discover a appropriate workforce surroundings and settle for an outlined function can considerably affect their longevity within the NBA. Former Alabama athletes who’re prepared to adapt to completely different techniques and contribute in varied capacities usually tend to discover sustained employment. Gamers who prioritize workforce success over particular person accolades usually display a better willingness to simply accept roles, thereby extending their careers. Adaptability to workforce dynamics is crucial for long-term success.
The elements contributing to longevity within the NBA, resembling ability refinement, bodily conditioning, basketball IQ, and workforce match, spotlight the multifaceted nature of a profitable skilled profession. The College of Alabama’s basketball program’s emphasis on these points can considerably affect the period and impression of its alumni within the league. Evaluating the profession size of former Crimson Tide gamers supplies useful perception into this system’s capability to domesticate not solely expertise but in addition the attributes crucial for sustained success on the highest degree {of professional} basketball.
6. All-Star appearances
All-Star appearances for people from the College of Alabama’s basketball program within the Nationwide Basketball Affiliation characterize a big validation of expertise and ability developed throughout their collegiate careers. Choice to the All-Star sport signifies a participant’s recognition as one of many league’s elite performers throughout a given season. This achievement is a direct consequence of outstanding efficiency, statistical dominance, and impression on their respective groups. For alumni of the Crimson Tide basketball program, such recognition brings status not solely to the person but in addition elevates the college’s profile as a breeding floor for NBA-caliber expertise. The presence of a former Alabama participant within the All-Star sport generates elevated visibility for this system, probably influencing recruiting efforts and bolstering the college’s popularity.
The correlation between All-Star appearances and Alabama basketball gamers within the NBA is underscored by examples resembling Mo Williams, who earned All-Star honors throughout his tenure within the league. His choice served as a testomony to his skills and contributed positively to the notion of the Alabama basketball program. Whereas the variety of Alabama alumni reaching this accolade won’t be intensive in comparison with applications with a bigger historic NBA presence, every All-Star choice represents a notable accomplishment and contributes to the narrative of the college’s basketball lineage. The absence of frequent All-Star illustration highlights the challenges confronted by this system in constantly producing top-tier NBA expertise, but it surely additionally underscores the importance of every particular person success story.
In abstract, All-Star appearances function a high-profile indicator of success for Alabama basketball gamers within the NBA. Whereas not each participant from this system will attain this degree of recognition, those that do present useful validation of the college’s basketball growth efforts. The sensible significance of understanding this connection lies in its affect on recruiting, program notion, and the general legacy of Alabama basketball inside the skilled realm. Continuous evaluation of participant efficiency and profession trajectories is crucial for absolutely appreciating the impression of this system on the Nationwide Basketball Affiliation.
7. Championship wins
The attainment of championship titles within the Nationwide Basketball Affiliation represents the head of workforce success, reflecting superior efficiency, strategic execution, and collaborative effort. When contemplating the contributions of people who honed their abilities on the College of Alabama and subsequently transitioned to the NBA, inspecting their involvement in championship-winning groups presents useful insights into their impression on the highest degree {of professional} basketball.
-
Function inside Championship Groups
The function a person performs inside a championship-caliber workforce can range considerably, starting from main scorer and defensive anchor to specialised function participant. The impression of former Alabama gamers is contingent upon their capability to successfully fulfill their assigned obligations and contribute to the general success of the workforce. Robert Horry’s constant contributions to a number of championship groups all through his profession exemplify the worth of a participant who understands and excels in an outlined function. The particular function of Alabama alumni on championship groups shapes their general contribution to the workforce’s success.
-
Affect on Group Dynamics
Past statistical contributions, people can affect workforce dynamics by management, communication, and fostering a optimistic workforce surroundings. Former Alabama gamers who possess sturdy management qualities and a capability to attach with teammates can play an important function in sustaining workforce cohesion and morale throughout the demanding NBA season. Their presence can improve workforce chemistry and contribute to a extra collaborative and targeted environment, even when their on-court statistics don’t at all times mirror this impression. Intangible qualities contribute considerably to workforce success.
-
Statistical Contribution in Championship Seasons
Analyzing the statistical contributions of former Alabama gamers throughout championship-winning seasons supplies a quantitative measure of their impression. Inspecting factors per sport, rebounds, assists, and defensive statistics can reveal their effectiveness in fulfilling their assigned roles and contributing to the workforce’s general efficiency. Understanding these numbers permits for a comparative evaluation of their contributions relative to different gamers on the workforce and throughout completely different championship-winning squads. Statistics present an goal evaluation of on-court efficiency.
-
Legacy and Recognition
The achievement of profitable an NBA championship considerably enhances a participant’s legacy and recognition inside the league. Former Alabama gamers who’ve been a part of championship-winning groups usually obtain better respect and acknowledgement for his or her contributions to the game. This accomplishment elevates their profile and solidifies their place in NBA historical past. The affiliation with a championship workforce supplies enduring recognition and enhances the person’s long-term standing inside the basketball group. Lasting contributions outline a participant’s legacy.
In conclusion, the affiliation of former Alabama basketball gamers with championship wins within the NBA underscores the impression of their collegiate growth on their skilled careers. These championship experiences present tangible proof of their contributions to profitable groups and improve their long-term legacies inside the league. Their success on the NBA stage displays positively on the College of Alabama’s basketball program, showcasing its capability to develop gamers able to competing on the highest degree {of professional} basketball. Robert Horry’s multi-championship success demonstrates a tangible connection between Alabama basketball growth and NBA glory.
8. Legacy impression
The enduring affect of those that competed for the College of Alabama’s basketball program and subsequently transitioned to the Nationwide Basketball Affiliation extends past their on-court performances and particular person statistics. Their collective contributions form perceptions of this system, encourage future generations of athletes, and contribute to the broader narrative of collegiate basketball’s function within the skilled sport.
-
Program Recognition and Recruitment
Success within the NBA enhances the College of Alabama’s popularity as a breeding floor for skilled expertise. This elevated recognition can entice higher-caliber recruits, each nationally and internationally, who aspire to comply with within the footsteps of those that got here earlier than them. The achievements of former gamers function a tangible demonstration of this system’s capability to develop athletes able to competing on the highest degree. For instance, a highly-touted recruit may select Alabama over one other program, citing the success of a former Crimson Tide participant within the NBA as a key issue of their resolution. The affiliation with NBA success turns into a potent recruiting software.
-
Inspiration for Future Athletes
The journeys of those that transitioned from Alabama basketball to the NBA function a supply of inspiration for aspiring younger athletes inside the state and past. Their success tales display the potential for reaching skilled desires by arduous work, dedication, and ability growth. Native youths who witness the achievements of former Alabama gamers could also be motivated to pursue basketball with better depth and dedication. These athletes change into function fashions and tangible examples of what could be achieved by dedication and perseverance.
-
Monetary Assist and Alumni Engagement
The success of former gamers within the NBA can result in elevated monetary help for the College of Alabama’s basketball program. Profitable alumni usually tend to contribute financially to this system, supporting facility upgrades, scholarships, and training sources. Their involvement additionally enhances alumni engagement, fostering a way of group and pleasure amongst former gamers and supporters. Elevated monetary sources and alumni involvement contribute to this system’s long-term stability and competitiveness.
-
Shaping Basketball Tradition inside Alabama
The presence of profitable NBA gamers with Alabama ties contributes to the general basketball tradition inside the state. Their affect extends to youth leagues, highschool applications, and native communities, selling a better appreciation for the game and fostering a extra aggressive surroundings. Their involvement may additionally result in the event of basketball camps, clinics, and group outreach applications that profit aspiring younger gamers all through the state. The success of Alabama basketball alumni helps to raise the profile of basketball all through the state.
In abstract, the legacy impression of those that transitioned from Alabama basketball to the NBA is multifaceted and far-reaching. Their achievements not solely mirror particular person success but in addition contribute to the long-term well being and popularity of the College of Alabama’s basketball program, encourage future generations of athletes, and form the broader basketball tradition inside the state. The enduring affect of those people solidifies this system’s place inside the panorama of collegiate basketball and highlights its function in growing expertise for the skilled ranks.
Ceaselessly Requested Questions
This part addresses frequent inquiries relating to people who performed basketball on the College of Alabama and subsequently pursued careers within the Nationwide Basketball Affiliation. The knowledge introduced goals to offer readability and perception into their skilled journeys and the impression of the college’s basketball program.
Query 1: What’s the complete variety of gamers from the College of Alabama who’ve performed within the NBA?
The exact quantity fluctuates on account of roster modifications and participant motion, nonetheless, a big variety of people have transitioned from the Crimson Tide to the NBA because the league’s inception. Seek the advice of official NBA information and College of Alabama athletic archives for probably the most present figures.
Query 2: Which former Alabama basketball gamers have achieved All-Star standing within the NBA?
A number of people have garnered All-Star recognition. Analysis particular participant accolades by official NBA sources to find out a complete checklist of those that have achieved this distinction.
Query 3: Has a former Alabama basketball participant ever gained an NBA championship as a main participant?
The extent of contribution to a championship workforce can range. Whereas some former Alabama gamers have been a part of championship-winning groups, the extent of their function can vary from main contributor to function participant. Evaluation particular person participant statistics and workforce information from related championship seasons to establish their particular contributions.
Query 4: How does the NBA draft place of Alabama basketball gamers impression their profession trajectory?
Typically, larger draft picks obtain better alternatives and face larger expectations. Nevertheless, draft place doesn’t assure success. Elements resembling work ethic, ability growth, and workforce match additionally play essential roles in figuring out a participant’s long-term profession trajectory. Analyze the profession statistics and achievements of drafted Alabama gamers in relation to their draft place.
Query 5: What are some frequent attributes that NBA scouts search for in Alabama basketball gamers throughout the draft analysis course of?
Scouts usually assess elements resembling athletic capability, elementary abilities, basketball IQ, and potential for future growth. Consider draft reviews and scouting analyses to know the particular attributes which are thought of useful for NBA-level competitors.
Query 6: How does the success of Alabama basketball gamers within the NBA have an effect on the college’s basketball program?
NBA success enhances this system’s popularity, attracts higher-caliber recruits, and may result in elevated monetary help and alumni engagement. The achievements of former gamers function a testomony to this system’s capability to develop expertise able to competing on the highest degree. Assess recruiting traits and program funding to know the tangible impression of NBA success on the college’s basketball program.
This part supplies a foundational understanding of key points associated to Alabama basketball gamers within the NBA. Additional analysis and evaluation are inspired for a extra complete perspective.
The next part will discover sources for continued studying and analysis on this matter.
Analyzing “Alabama Basketball Gamers within the NBA”
This part presents steering on conducting thorough analysis and evaluation associated to people who’ve transitioned from the College of Alabama’s basketball program to the Nationwide Basketball Affiliation. Using these methods will facilitate a extra complete and knowledgeable understanding of their skilled careers and general impression.
Tip 1: Seek the advice of Official NBA and College Archives: Make the most of official NBA sources, resembling NBA.com and Basketball-Reference.com, to collect dependable statistics, participant profiles, and historic knowledge. Complement this with sources from the College of Alabama’s athletic archives for collegiate efficiency info. This ensures a powerful basis of verified knowledge.
Tip 2: Analyze Draft Stories and Scouting Analyses: Evaluation pre-draft scouting reviews and analyses from respected sources like ESPN or The Athletic to know the perceived strengths and weaknesses of Alabama gamers coming into the NBA. This supplies context relating to preliminary expectations and perceived potential.
Tip 3: Look at Championship Group Rosters and Participant Roles: When evaluating the impression of former Alabama gamers on championship-winning groups, meticulously analyze workforce rosters and particular person participant roles. Perceive how their particular contributions aligned with the workforce’s general technique and success.
Tip 4: Observe Profession Trajectories and Longevity: Monitor the profession paths of Alabama alumni within the NBA, being attentive to elements resembling taking part in time, statistical manufacturing, and longevity. Analyze how these parts developed over time to realize insights into their adaptability and resilience.
Tip 5: Evaluate Efficiency to Comparable Gamers: Benchmark the efficiency of Alabama gamers towards different NBA gamers with related ability units, draft positions, or roles. This comparative evaluation supplies a extra nuanced understanding of their contributions and relative success.
Tip 6: Contemplate Intangible Contributions: Acknowledge {that a} participant’s impression extends past statistics. Assess their management qualities, workforce chemistry contributions, and general affect on workforce dynamics by qualitative evaluation of sport footage and interviews.
Tip 7: Consider Program Affect on Recruiting: Analyze the College of Alabama’s basketball recruiting traits following intervals of NBA success by former gamers. Decide if there’s a correlation between NBA achievements and this system’s capability to draw top-tier expertise.
Constant utility of those analysis methods will facilitate a extra in-depth understanding of the contributions made by people who transitioned from the College of Alabama’s basketball program to the Nationwide Basketball Affiliation. This data-driven strategy supplies an goal framework for evaluating their impression on each the collegiate {and professional} ranges.
The next part will supply concluding remarks summarizing the important thing findings and implications of this exploration.
Conclusion
The previous evaluation has explored the contributions of people who transitioned from the College of Alabama’s basketball program to the Nationwide Basketball Affiliation. Key factors embody the importance of draft alternatives, statistical efficiency, championship wins, All-Star appearances, profession longevity, and the broader impression these gamers have had on each the college’s popularity and the state’s basketball tradition. The achievements of those athletes validate this system’s growth efforts and supply inspiration for future generations.
Continued examination of participant efficiency, program growth, and evolving traits inside the NBA panorama stays important for a complete understanding of the continuing relationship between Alabama basketball {and professional} success. Additional examine may discover the financial impression of those athletes, the impression of particular teaching kinds, or long-term social results on the Alabama group and past.
