The phrase “the right way to forestall kidney stones reddit” represents person queries on the social media platform Reddit in search of strategies to keep away from the formation of kidney stones. These queries usually generate threads the place customers share private experiences, dietary suggestions, and life-style changes they imagine contribute to stopping the recurrence or preliminary growth of kidney stones.
The significance of such discussions lies within the accessibility and relatable nature of the shared data. People usually discover the collective knowledge of on-line communities useful for understanding advanced medical points in a simplified, sensible method. Whereas not an alternative to skilled medical recommendation, these discussions can empower people to take proactive steps in direction of managing their well being and doubtlessly decreasing their threat of kidney stone growth. Traditionally, casual data sharing has performed a vital position in well being administration, and on-line platforms like Reddit supply a contemporary iteration of this observe.
The next dialogue will discover widespread themes and ideas that emerge from these on-line discussions concerning preventative measures, emphasizing the significance of consulting with healthcare professionals for customized steering. Subjects coated might embrace dietary modifications, hydration methods, and the position of particular dietary supplements or drugs in decreasing the danger of kidney stone formation, as mentioned throughout the Reddit neighborhood.
1. Hydration is vital
The advice to take care of satisfactory hydration steadily emerges inside on-line discussions concerning kidney stone prevention, significantly in boards like Reddit. Its prominence stems from the direct influence of fluid consumption on urine focus, a important think about stone formation.
-
Urine Dilution
Elevated fluid consumption dilutes the focus of minerals and salts in urine. This dilution reduces the chance of those substances crystallizing and forming kidney stones. A sensible instance entails people who improve their water consumption following a kidney stone episode, observing a discount in subsequent stone formation. Inadequate hydration, conversely, concentrates urine, elevating the danger of crystallization.
-
Solubility Enhancement
Enough fluid consumption enhances the solubility of stone-forming substances. For instance, uric acid, a typical part of kidney stones, is extra soluble in dilute urine than in concentrated urine. This elevated solubility minimizes the prospect of uric acid crystals precipitating and aggregating into stones. People might discover anecdotal proof on Reddit discussing the advantages of constant water consumption in managing uric acid-related kidney issues.
-
Flushing Motion
Hydration promotes frequent urination, which helps flush small crystals and particles from the urinary tract earlier than they will become bigger stones. This flushing motion is especially essential for people with a historical past of kidney stones. Discussions on Reddit usually point out the significance of sustaining constant urine output all through the day to facilitate this course of.
-
Affect on Stone Kind
Whereas hydration is universally helpful, its particular influence can range relying on the kind of kidney stone. As an example, growing fluid consumption is essential for stopping calcium oxalate stones, the most typical sort, by decreasing the focus of each calcium and oxalate in urine. Equally, satisfactory hydration helps forestall uric acid stones by sustaining a better urine pH, which will increase uric acid solubility. The consensus on Reddit acknowledges the broad utility of hydration whereas emphasizing the necessity for tailor-made approaches primarily based on particular person stone composition.
In summation, the emphasis on hydration inside discussions about stopping kidney stones displays a basic understanding of urinary chemistry and its affect on stone formation. Whereas anecdotal experiences shared on platforms like Reddit can present precious insights, adherence to healthcare skilled suggestions concerning fluid consumption stays paramount for efficient kidney stone prevention.
2. Citrate consumption issues
The recurrent theme of citrate consumption inside discussions on “the right way to forestall kidney stones reddit” highlights its established position in inhibiting kidney stone formation. Citrate, an anion discovered naturally in fruits like lemons and limes, exerts a protecting impact throughout the urinary system. Its presence in urine reduces the chance of calcium, a major constituent of many kidney stones, binding with different substances to kind crystals. A discount in urinary citrate ranges is a identified threat issue for stone growth, noticed in situations like distal renal tubular acidosis.
The mechanism by which citrate operates entails complexation with calcium ions. By binding to calcium, citrate successfully decreases the saturation of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, thereby decreasing the propensity for these salts to precipitate and kind stones. People with recurrent calcium oxalate stones usually discover that growing their citrate consumption, both via eating regimen or supplementation, results in a lower in stone formation charges. Actual-life examples, shared on Reddit, steadily element people incorporating lemon juice or prescribed citrate dietary supplements into their every day routine, adopted by reported enhancements of their kidney stone historical past. The sensible significance lies within the accessibility of citrate as a preventative measure, usually extra palatable than different pharmaceutical interventions.
In abstract, the significance of citrate consumption, as mirrored in discussions surrounding kidney stone prevention, stems from its biochemical affect on urinary calcium saturation. Whereas dietary modifications and supplementation methods are sometimes mentioned throughout the on-line neighborhood, it’s essential to emphasise that customized medical recommendation from a professional healthcare skilled is important to find out the suitable degree of citrate consumption, contemplating potential interactions with different drugs and underlying well being situations. The challenges lie in figuring out the optimum dosage and supply of citrate, a choice that must be made along with medical steering.
3. Sodium consumption moderation
The moderation of sodium consumption is a recurring advice inside discussions addressing methods to stop kidney stones, significantly on platforms similar to Reddit. This emphasis arises from the established hyperlink between dietary sodium consumption and urinary calcium excretion, a key issue within the pathogenesis of calcium-based kidney stones.
-
Urinary Calcium Excretion
Elevated sodium consumption prompts the kidneys to excrete extra sodium within the urine. This course of is coupled with elevated calcium excretion. Elevated urinary calcium ranges increase the saturation of calcium salts, growing the danger of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate crystal formation. People who chronically devour high-sodium diets are at elevated threat of creating calcium-based kidney stones. For instance, populations with diets wealthy in processed meals, which frequently include excessive ranges of sodium, are inclined to exhibit a better prevalence of kidney stone illness. This correlation straight impacts the recommendation shared concerning stone prevention.
-
Parathyroid Hormone Regulation
Excessive sodium consumption can have an effect on the parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulation. The advanced relationship between sodium, calcium, and PTH influences how the physique handles calcium stability. Continual sodium extra doubtlessly suppresses PTH, additional contributing to elevated calcium excretion. This hormonal impact amplifies the danger of calcium stone formation. Research present a direct correlation between sodium consumption and an elevated threat of hypercalciuria, additional solidifying this connection.
-
Affect on Urine Quantity
Whereas counterintuitive, excessive sodium consumption can generally result in decreased urine quantity. The physique makes an attempt to retain water to take care of sodium focus. Decreased urine quantity concentrates stone-forming substances, thus growing their chance of crystallization. This impact contrasts with the advantages of excessive fluid consumption, which is commonly beneficial alongside sodium restriction. Subsequently, reaching optimum hydration whereas moderating sodium is essential.
-
Dietary Concerns and Way of life Changes
Decreasing sodium consumption usually necessitates vital dietary changes. This entails limiting processed meals, quick meals, and restaurant meals, that are usually excessive in sodium. Studying meals labels fastidiously and getting ready meals at house might help people management their sodium consumption. Moreover, sure life-style modifications, similar to decreasing the usage of desk salt and avoiding salty snacks, contribute to efficient sodium moderation. Discussions on on-line platforms usually contain sharing recipes and ideas for getting ready low-sodium meals.
In abstract, the advocacy for sodium consumption moderation within the context of kidney stone prevention stems from its affect on urinary calcium excretion, hormonal regulation, and urine quantity. By understanding and addressing these interconnected elements, people can proactively cut back their threat of calcium-based kidney stone formation. Whereas anecdotal recommendation from on-line communities could be helpful, consulting healthcare professionals for customized steering stays important for efficient administration and prevention.
4. Oxalate-rich meals consciousness
The emphasis on consciousness of oxalate-rich meals in discussions regarding the prevention of kidney stones, significantly inside on-line communities similar to Reddit, displays a big understanding of the position dietary oxalate performs within the formation of calcium oxalate stones, essentially the most prevalent sort of kidney stone. This consciousness is important for people in search of to handle their threat proactively via dietary modifications.
-
Oxalate’s Position in Stone Formation
Oxalate, a naturally occurring substance discovered in lots of plant-based meals, binds with calcium within the kidneys to kind calcium oxalate crystals. Excessive ranges of oxalate in urine can result in an elevated threat of those crystals aggregating and creating into kidney stones. Actual-life examples usually contain people with diets closely reliant on oxalate-rich meals, similar to spinach or rhubarb, experiencing recurrent calcium oxalate stone formation. The implications are vital for these with a predisposition to kidney stones, necessitating knowledgeable dietary decisions.
-
Figuring out Excessive-Oxalate Meals
Recognizing and figuring out meals with excessive oxalate content material is a basic side of dietary administration. Widespread examples embrace spinach, rhubarb, beets, chocolate, nuts, and sure berries. Consciousness campaigns, usually initiated inside on-line boards, spotlight these meals and their potential influence on kidney stone formation. People partaking in these discussions steadily share lists of high-oxalate meals and recommend appropriate alternate options, fostering a collaborative studying atmosphere. The implications prolong to meals choice and meal planning, requiring a proactive method to dietary administration.
-
Dietary Administration Methods
Dietary administration methods for oxalate-related kidney stone prevention contain each limiting high-oxalate meals and implementing compensatory measures. Combining oxalate-rich meals with calcium-rich meals might help cut back oxalate absorption within the intestine. Boiling high-oxalate greens also can cut back their oxalate content material. Discussions on platforms like Reddit steadily contain sharing recipes and meal planning ideas that incorporate these methods. This hands-on method permits people to actively handle their oxalate consumption and decrease the danger of stone formation. The implications recommend the significance of a balanced and knowledgeable eating regimen.
-
Particular person Variability and Medical Steerage
It’s essential to acknowledge that particular person tolerance to oxalate varies, and dietary suggestions must be tailor-made to particular person wants and medical historical past. Consulting with a healthcare skilled or registered dietitian is important for creating a personalised dietary plan. Whereas on-line discussions can present common steering, they can’t change skilled medical recommendation. Some people might require extra stringent oxalate restrictions than others, relying on their particular threat elements and underlying well being situations. The implications emphasize the necessity for knowledgeable decision-making {and professional} supervision in managing oxalate consumption for kidney stone prevention.
In conclusion, consciousness of oxalate-rich meals is a cornerstone of dietary methods for stopping kidney stones. By understanding the position of oxalate in stone formation, figuring out high-oxalate meals, implementing dietary administration methods, and in search of skilled medical steering, people can proactively handle their threat and enhance their long-term kidney well being. This proactive method, usually echoed in on-line discussions, underscores the significance of knowledgeable dietary decisions in stopping kidney stones.
5. Animal protein limitations
The connection between animal protein limitations and discussions on “the right way to forestall kidney stones reddit” stems from the metabolic byproducts generated throughout animal protein digestion and their influence on urinary composition. Excessive consumption of animal protein sources, similar to pink meat, poultry, and seafood, will increase the excretion of uric acid, calcium, and sulfate in urine. These alterations create a extra favorable atmosphere for the formation of sure varieties of kidney stones, significantly uric acid and calcium oxalate stones. People sharing experiences on Reddit usually report dietary changes involving decreased animal protein consumption and subsequent decreases in stone recurrence. The cause-and-effect relationship is obvious: elevated animal protein consumption results in metabolic modifications selling stone formation, whereas decreased consumption mitigates these modifications.
The significance of animal protein limitations as a part of methods for stopping kidney stones lies in its direct affect on urinary pH and mineral saturation. Excessive uric acid ranges decrease urinary pH, making it simpler for uric acid to precipitate and kind stones. Elevated calcium excretion raises the saturation of calcium oxalate, growing the chance of calcium oxalate stone formation. Decreasing animal protein consumption helps keep a extra alkaline urinary pH and reduces calcium excretion. Sensible purposes contain substituting animal protein with plant-based protein sources, similar to legumes, lentils, and tofu. As an example, a dietary change from every day pink meat consumption to incorporating vegetarian meals a number of instances per week may demonstrably decrease uric acid ranges and cut back the danger of stone formation. That is usually documented in person testimonials on Reddit.
In abstract, the advocacy for animal protein limitations throughout the context of kidney stone prevention displays an understanding of its influence on urinary chemistry. Whereas particular person circumstances might range and customized medical recommendation is important, decreasing animal protein consumption is usually thought of a prudent measure for people with a historical past of uric acid or calcium oxalate stones. A problem arises in making certain satisfactory protein consumption from different sources whereas sustaining a balanced eating regimen. Additional analysis is required to refine particular suggestions concerning optimum animal protein consumption ranges for various people in danger.
6. Calcium consumption issues
The intersection of calcium consumption issues and discussions about stopping kidney stones on platforms like Reddit usually reveals a nuanced understanding that diverges from earlier misconceptions. The preliminary notion was that limiting calcium consumption would invariably cut back the danger of calcium-based kidney stones. Nevertheless, present medical consensus typically helps satisfactory calcium consumption, significantly via dietary sources, as a preventative measure towards stone formation in most people. This paradigm shift highlights the significance of understanding the advanced interaction between dietary calcium, urinary oxalate, and the danger of stone growth.
The reasoning behind recommending satisfactory dietary calcium stems from its capacity to bind to oxalate within the intestine, thereby decreasing the quantity of oxalate absorbed into the bloodstream and subsequently excreted into the urine. Greater urinary oxalate ranges considerably improve the danger of calcium oxalate stone formation. Subsequently, ample dietary calcium consumption reduces the provision of oxalate for binding with calcium within the kidneys. Actual-life examples, shared inside on-line communities, steadily contain people who initially restricted calcium consumption solely to expertise a paradoxical improve in kidney stone formation. These anecdotal observations are sometimes corroborated by medical findings demonstrating that calcium restriction can elevate urinary oxalate excretion. Moreover, the timing of calcium consumption is related; consuming calcium-rich meals concurrently with oxalate-rich meals maximizes the chance for binding within the intestine. Sensible significance arises from the necessity for correct data dissemination to counter misinformation surrounding dietary suggestions.
In abstract, calcium consumption issues inside kidney stone prevention methods middle on consuming satisfactory, primarily dietary, calcium to attenuate oxalate absorption and subsequent stone formation. Limiting calcium, opposite to earlier beliefs, can inadvertently improve urinary oxalate and elevate the danger of stone growth. Whereas particular person circumstances might necessitate tailor-made medical recommendation, the final advice emphasizes sustaining ample calcium consumption as a part of a balanced eating regimen. Challenges stay in successfully speaking this nuanced understanding to the general public, usually counting on simplified or outdated data. This emphasizes the significance of consulting healthcare professionals for customized steering on dietary administration for kidney stone prevention.
7. Potassium improve profit
The idea of elevated potassium consumption as a possible technique for kidney stone prevention is a recurring matter inside on-line discussions, significantly on platforms like Reddit. This curiosity stems from potassium’s position in modulating urinary pH and calcium excretion, elements straight related to stone formation.
-
Urinary pH Regulation
Potassium, significantly when consumed within the type of potassium citrate, can improve urinary pH, making it extra alkaline. A extra alkaline urine atmosphere reduces the chance of uric acid and calcium oxalate crystallization. As an example, people supplementing with potassium citrate, usually prescribed by physicians, might expertise a discount in uric acid stone formation because of the elevated solubility of uric acid at increased pH ranges. The implications recommend that dietary or supplemental potassium generally is a precious software in managing urine chemistry.
-
Calcium Excretion Discount
Potassium can affect calcium dealing with by the kidneys. Elevated potassium consumption has been proven to doubtlessly cut back calcium excretion within the urine. This discount minimizes the saturation of calcium salts, thereby decreasing the danger of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stone formation. A research discovered that people with increased dietary potassium consumption had a decrease incidence of kidney stones in comparison with these with decrease consumption, highlighting the preventive advantages. This highlights dietary potassium’s influence on total kidney well being.
-
Citrate’s Position as a Potassium Service
Potassium citrate, a typical type of potassium supplementation, gives each potassium and citrate, each of which play distinct roles in kidney stone prevention. Citrate, as beforehand mentioned, binds to calcium and inhibits crystallization. Potassium acts as a counterion to citrate, making certain its environment friendly supply to the kidneys. A synergistic impact between potassium and citrate enhances the general preventative advantages. Usually, medical professionals will suggest potassium citrate dietary supplements, emphasizing the worth of each potassium and citrate ions.
-
Dietary Sources and Concerns
Acquiring potassium via dietary sources is usually most well-liked over supplementation, until medically indicated. Fruit and veggies, similar to bananas, potatoes, spinach, and melons, are wealthy in potassium. Incorporating these meals right into a balanced eating regimen can contribute to satisfactory potassium consumption. Dietary sources additionally present different helpful vitamins that promote total well being. Nevertheless, people with sure medical situations, similar to kidney illness, ought to train warning and seek the advice of with their doctor earlier than considerably growing their potassium consumption. A physician can present focused recommendation in these circumstances.
In conclusion, the perceived advantage of elevated potassium consumption in stopping kidney stones facilities on its affect on urinary pH and calcium excretion, each important elements in stone formation. Whereas dietary modifications are typically beneficial, supplementation could also be crucial in sure circumstances, all the time beneath medical supervision. The net discussions usually mirror these insights, although medical session stays paramount for particular person evaluation and tailor-made suggestions concerning potassium consumption for kidney stone prevention.
8. Magnesium sources inclusion
The combination of magnesium-rich sources into dietary regimens steadily surfaces inside discussions addressing kidney stone prevention, significantly on platforms similar to Reddit. This inclusion stems from magnesium’s potential to inhibit calcium oxalate crystal formation and its common position in selling urinary well being.
-
Magnesium’s Inhibition of Crystal Development
Magnesium ions compete with calcium for binding websites on oxalate, thereby decreasing the provision of calcium to bind with oxalate and kind calcium oxalate crystals. People with recurrent calcium oxalate stones who incorporate magnesium-rich meals or dietary supplements usually report a lower in stone formation charges. This aggressive binding mechanism highlights magnesium’s position in disrupting the crystallization course of. It suggests the worth of magnesium sources in decreasing the supersaturation of calcium oxalate in urine.
-
Magnesium and Urinary Citrate Ranges
Magnesium consumption can affect urinary citrate ranges, which, as beforehand mentioned, is an inhibitor of calcium-based stone formation. Some research recommend that magnesium supplementation might improve urinary citrate excretion. Greater citrate ranges additional cut back the chance of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate crystallization. This synergistic impact, combining magnesium’s direct inhibition of crystallization with its potential to extend citrate excretion, underscores its significance in stone prevention.
-
Dietary Sources of Magnesium
Emphasis is commonly positioned on acquiring magnesium via dietary sources relatively than solely counting on dietary supplements. Meals wealthy in magnesium embrace leafy inexperienced greens, nuts, seeds, and entire grains. Incorporating these meals right into a balanced eating regimen not solely will increase magnesium consumption but in addition gives different important vitamins helpful for total well being. The choice for dietary sources stems from the potential for higher absorption and decreased threat of hostile results in comparison with high-dose dietary supplements.
-
Magnesium Supplementation Concerns
Whereas dietary sources are most well-liked, magnesium supplementation could also be thought of beneath medical supervision, significantly for people with magnesium deficiencies or these at excessive threat for kidney stone formation. Nevertheless, it is essential to notice that extreme magnesium consumption can result in gastrointestinal unwanted effects. Totally different types of magnesium dietary supplements exist, with various absorption charges and potential unwanted effects. Subsequently, cautious consideration and medical steering are important earlier than initiating magnesium supplementation. The significance of customized session can’t be overstated. It’s essential to do not forget that medical intervention generally is a deciding issue with critical circumstances.
In abstract, the deal with magnesium supply inclusion in kidney stone prevention methods displays its potential to inhibit calcium oxalate crystal formation and affect urinary citrate ranges. Whereas dietary sources are typically favored, supplementation could also be thought of beneath medical supervision. The collective experiences and insights shared on platforms like Reddit, whereas precious, ought to all the time be supplemented by skilled medical recommendation for customized suggestions concerning magnesium consumption for kidney stone prevention.
Continuously Requested Questions
This part addresses widespread inquiries concerning methods to stop kidney stone formation. The data offered is meant for common data and doesn’t substitute skilled medical recommendation.
Query 1: Is limiting calcium consumption a beneficial technique for stopping kidney stones?
Present medical tips typically advise towards limiting calcium consumption for most people. Enough dietary calcium can bind to oxalate within the intestine, decreasing its absorption and subsequent excretion in urine. This, in flip, minimizes the danger of calcium oxalate stone formation.
Query 2: How does hydration influence kidney stone prevention?
Sustaining satisfactory hydration dilutes the focus of minerals and salts in urine, decreasing the chance of crystal formation. Elevated fluid consumption promotes frequent urination, flushing small crystals from the urinary tract.
Query 3: What’s the position of dietary oxalate in kidney stone formation?
Oxalate, present in varied plant-based meals, can bind with calcium within the kidneys to kind calcium oxalate crystals. Limiting high-oxalate meals and mixing them with calcium-rich meals might help handle oxalate absorption.
Query 4: Does animal protein consumption affect kidney stone threat?
Excessive consumption of animal protein can improve uric acid, calcium, and sulfate excretion in urine, doubtlessly selling uric acid and calcium oxalate stone formation. Moderation of animal protein consumption is commonly beneficial.
Query 5: What’s the significance of urinary pH in kidney stone prevention?
Urinary pH impacts the solubility of stone-forming substances. A extra alkaline urine atmosphere reduces the chance of uric acid and calcium oxalate crystallization. Dietary and supplemental methods can affect urinary pH.
Query 6: Are there any particular dietary supplements that may assist forestall kidney stones?
Potassium citrate and magnesium, beneath medical supervision, might assist forestall kidney stones by growing urinary pH, decreasing calcium excretion, and inhibiting crystal formation. Self-medication with dietary supplements is just not suggested.
These FAQs present a foundational understanding of key issues in kidney stone prevention. It’s crucial to seek the advice of with a healthcare skilled for customized recommendation and remedy plans.
The next part will discover sources and help programs accessible for people in search of to handle their kidney stone threat successfully.
Navigating Kidney Stone Prevention
Efficient kidney stone prevention necessitates a multi-faceted method grounded in dietary changes, life-style modifications, and, when acceptable, medical intervention. The next factors define actionable steps for people in search of to attenuate their threat.
Tip 1: Optimize Fluid Consumption: Constant and satisfactory fluid consumption is paramount. Intention for clear urine output all through the day, signifying ample hydration. Water is the popular selection; nonetheless, citrus-containing drinks can present further profit.
Tip 2: Monitor Sodium Consumption: Extreme sodium consumption elevates urinary calcium excretion, growing the propensity for calcium-based stone formation. Prioritize entire, unprocessed meals and diligently evaluate vitamin labels to attenuate sodium consumption.
Tip 3: Reasonable Animal Protein: Excessive animal protein consumption can acidify urine and improve uric acid ranges, fostering an atmosphere conducive to stone formation. Incorporate plant-based protein sources, similar to legumes and lentils, to stability dietary protein consumption.
Tip 4: Stability Calcium Consumption: Limiting calcium is usually not advisable. Devour satisfactory calcium via dietary sources to bind oxalate within the intestine, decreasing its absorption and subsequent excretion in urine. Coordinate calcium consumption with meals to maximise this impact.
Tip 5: Enhance Citrate Consumption: Citrate inhibits calcium crystal formation. Enhance citrate consumption via citrus fruits like lemons and limes. Alternatively, take into account potassium citrate supplementation beneath medical supervision.
Tip 6: Keep a Wholesome Weight: Weight problems can improve the danger of kidney stone formation. Have interaction in common bodily exercise and keep a balanced eating regimen to attain and keep a wholesome weight.
Tip 7: Restrict Sugar Consumption: Excessive sugar consumption, significantly from fructose-sweetened drinks, has been linked to an elevated threat of kidney stone formation. Restrict consumption of sugary drinks and processed meals.
Implementing these methods can contribute considerably to decreasing the danger of kidney stone formation. Nevertheless, customized medical steering is essential for tailoring preventive measures to particular person wants and underlying well being situations.
The ultimate phase will supply insights into navigating sources and help accessible to these managing or stopping kidney stones.
Conclusion
This exploration of “the right way to forestall kidney stones reddit” has elucidated varied methods generally mentioned and applied for decreasing the danger of kidney stone formation. Key factors embody optimizing fluid consumption, moderating sodium and animal protein consumption, balancing calcium and growing citrate, potassium, and magnesium consumption. Consciousness of oxalate-rich meals additionally performs a vital position. These dietary and life-style changes, steadily shared throughout the on-line neighborhood, symbolize proactive measures people can take into account.
Whereas accessible on-line discussions supply precious insights and shared experiences, they don’t substitute for skilled medical recommendation. Personalised medical evaluation and steering are important for tailoring prevention methods to particular person threat elements and well being situations. Continued analysis and knowledgeable decision-making stay important within the ongoing effort to handle and mitigate the incidence of kidney stone illness successfully.